Friday 7 December 2018

practise question

"It is essential for a TV programme to simultaneously target both mass and specialised audiences"

Explore this statement with reference to Les Revenants


Thirty minutes


Knee jerk reaction: Yes! Les Revenants expertly targets both 'casual' and 'devoted' audiences, by providing the audience with a range of polysemic readings

Key theory: Stuart Hall's reception theory
cult audience
mogwi cult audience

MICHAEL'S TOP TIP - how useful is this theory really? Does Les Revenants even have a preferred reading? Surely it lacks one, instead focusing on confusing the audience as much as possible with a range of hermeneutic codes and complex use of intertextuality?


A niche target audience is a smaller, specialised, active audience who become devoted. They often talk about the show on fan pages and typically buy the merchandise. Where as a mass target audience is an undefined larger target in which a show appeals to everyone, this was especially common until 1982 when they were only 4 channels as people didn't have the choice and diversity they have now therefore the shows had to appeal to a larger audience. however now shows have become a lot more niche as there are hundreds of channels and people are also able to stream shows whenever they want therefore shows have to target a more specialised audience. Les revenant was first showed on Channel 4 in the uk. However in France it was shown on Canal +. i believe that Les Revenant targets both a mass and a niche target audience through the use of polysemic readings and referential codes. the show also relates to Stuarts hall's reception theory. in this theory he argues there is 3 ways in which an audience can read a text. in Les revenants i believe its mostly negotiated readings which is when the audience generally agrees with what they see but they may disagree with certain aspects of the show.

One way that Les Revenant appeals to a niche secondary audience is through the use of their trailer. In the trailer there is English subtitles through they have used english newspapers such as the daily mail and the Sunday times for their reviews. therefore even though it is in French and its mass audience is French people it also targets a British audience through the use of the English subtitles.however the audience may then get frustrated as the trailer is fast paced and action packed horror show where as the actually episodes are slow and lack fast paced editing and action. therefore the slowness of the show would only appeal to a niche target audience. another way it attracts a cult target audience is through the use of having the band Mogwai do the sound track. Mogwai are an english rock/metal band which has a cult audience. Therefore by using them for the sound track it creates a niche audience who watch it because they like the band. Also the cult target audience of Les Revenant are those who will buy the merchandise t-shirt that has the pub's logo on it. therefore an active cult/niche target audience leads to more revenue.

One negotiated reading within Les revenants is of death and sex which is also a binary opposition. This is in the scene when Lena (Camille's) twin has sex for the first time which in french is "Le petit mort" which means the loss of virginity which has then symbolically led to Camille being killed as her bus drives off a cliff. this is also a polysemic reading as it has more than just the meaning of Lena loosing her virginity and Camille dying as there is a link between the two. Which a cult audience would find the reference fascinating while the mass audience may not understand. however the Binary opposition between promiscuity of virginity may be uncomfortable for the audience. also the binary opposition is an interesting exploration of the relationship between twins as it implies that Camille could tell/ knew what Lena was doing. The crane shot following Claire (Camille's mother) upstairs conforms to horror conventions which would appeal to a niche audience who enjoy horror films. also the audience may find enjoyment at Claire's atypical response of having her dead daughter back alive as she is shocked and cautious where as typically the mother would run and embrace her daughter. therefore she is subverting character archetypes.

In conclusion 





Thursday 6 December 2018

End of week question : plan

"It is essential for a TV programme to simultaneously target both mass and specialised audiences"

Explore this statement with reference to Les Revenants


Thirty minutes


Knee jerk reaction: Yes! Les Revenants expertly targets both 'casual' and 'devoted' audiences, by providing the audience with a range of polysemic readings

Key theory: Stuart Hall's reception theory PNO
P- preferred 
N- negotiated- The audience generally agrees with what they see, but they may disagree with certain aspects
O- opersition 

negotiated- sex and death- binary oppersition
 

write about trailer- mass audience- british 

intro
2 paragraphs
conclusion


polysemic-  
Polysemic text refers to the idea that any text can have multiple meanings rather than a single meaning. 

MICHAEL'S TOP TIP - how useful is this theory really? Does Les Revenants even have a preferred reading? Surely it lacks one, instead focusing on confusing the audience as much as possible with a range of hermeneutic codes and complex use of intertextuality?

  • There's now more/ diverse range of choices in TV
  • There started with only 1 channel 
  • Channel 4 (4th channel) (1982)
  • Broad casting doesn't really exist, its more about narrow casting
  • Now it is possible to stream shows whenever you want (uses the internet)
  • Les Revenant: was screened on channel 4 in the uk 
  • Keep context to a minimum, just a few facts
  • Uses hermeneutic codes throughout 


Key scenes:
audience responses/ negotiated response:
  • confused but i like it
  • its in french but theres subtitles i can't be bothered to watch it 
  • confused whats the mum going to do?
  • what are the weird pictures on the door
  • active audience leads to more revenue 
  • cu shots of Claire's, far too uncomfortable
  • Feeling sorry for Camille 
  • enjoyment at having genre conventions exploded
  • its nothing like the trailer
  • crane/tracking shot following Claire up the stairs conforms to horror conventions
  • enjoyment at having Claire's atypical response- a fully flashed out character, subverting character archetypes
  • frustration at the use of montage, lack of definitive action and fast paced editing




scene 2:

  • what is going on
  • who is he
  • why isn't she at school
  • whys she panicking
  • enjoyment at mystery being revealed


















Tuesday 4 December 2018

Funding for Les Revenant/ Canal +


Discover funding of Les revenants:
The EU has a funding programme, which is called "The European union's 'creative Europe' programe'. Haut et Court were awarded grants of £450,000 for the first season of the show in 2012 and £1 million for the second season in 2014.
also funded by the alps tourism board


 'Les Revenants'


The EU has a funding programme, which called 'Creative Europe'. This allows for European TV shows to be able to get grants to support production and distribution and to allow them to be made. 'Les Revenants' in particular was awarded a grant for 450,000 euros for season 1 and 1 million euros for season 2.

Aired on Chanel 4 in Britian at 9pm
9pm on Sundance Channel in America
8:50pm on Canal+

Canal +


Canal+ is a premium TV channel that needs to be paid for on a subscription payment.


Canal+ is owned by Vivendi SA

Vivendi SA is a French mass media conglomerate headquartered in Paris. The company has activities in music, television, film, video games, telecommunications, tickets and video hosting service.

Subsidaries of Vivendi:

  • Canal+ Group
  • Universal Music Group
  • Flavorus[4]
  • Gameloft[5]
  • Dailymotion (90%)
  • Mediaset (28.80%)
  • Banijay Group (28.4%)
  • Havas
  • Telecom Italia (23.94%)[6]

Canal+ Group 


- Owns many different cable (pay) television channels showing TV shows, documentaries, films, animation etc.
- is involved in the production and financing of films and has even created its own subsidiary                companies with direct involvement in film production.

CANAL+ exported shows 


Versailles
American Dreams
Le Grand Journal
The Tunnel
The Bureau
Spiral
Borgia
Les Revenants
Braquo

Canal+ imported shows


Teletubbies, Vampire Diaries, Game of Thrones, The Tunnel, Tom and Jerry Show, Family Guy...

Mogwai

Glasgow Megasnake- Mogwai (iTunes festival 2011)
  • They did the sound track to Les revenant:
  1. to attract a pre existing audience
  2. an example of synergy between the two products
  3. they get subcultural capital from doing the sound track for Les Revenant
  4. both Mogwai and Les Revenant share the same ideology
  • Instrumental rock-band (doesn't have lyrics)
  • Not very pop like
  • very loud- closer to metal then rock
  • uses electric guitars which are distorted
  • Lack a front man- no lead singer
  • They look boring and unattractive
  • own their own record label called 'Rock Action'



Les Revenant trailer:
How does the trailer to Les Revenant appeal to its target audience:
  • through the use of english subtitles
  • all the writing is in english
  • targets an international audience 
  • got all the quotes from newspapers such as The Sunday Times- which is sold in Britain and Australia 
  • through the montage it makes it look fast pace and action based the clips have been taken from the whole series 
  • Les Revenant is an A-typical tv show which is hard to sell
  • Its like marmite
  • It encourages audiences to take an active reading- it invites its target audience to negotiate the readings of the programme


Another example of merchandise is the tying book which is in English and there is a tv shirt which has the name of the pub on it - demonstrates they are a super fan