Component 1 A:
In what ways do music videos encode viewpoints and ideologies? Make reference to Formation by Beyoncé and Riptide by Jack Vance. [30]
- Ideology- Thought, opinion or belief- constructed by media language- producer is who constructs the ideology, to try and get across their ideology to the audience, to manipulate
- Use shot types, media language and theorists to get a grade
- Maybe upset by the voyeuristic aspects of riptide
- One ideology is that women are rebellious by singing the wrong words (riptide)
- Low key lightening is used which creates a dark, mysterious and miserable mood- looks like a horror film emphasised by the lightening and make up (riptide)
- The ideology being resented her is that she is weak as her make up (mise-en-scene) is smeared and she is singing the wrong words - audience is positioned in a voyeuristic tracking shot (riptide)
- Beyonce represents black women in the south of America (Formation)
- She is both independent yet isolated- complicating the ideology that back women can be weak yet powerful (Formation) Gauntlet
- Fist in the air suggesting power
- Referential code of the statue of liberty when stood on top of the car
Component 1 B:
Explore the ways in which production, distribution and circulation have shaped the newspapers you have studied. Make reference to The Daily Mirror and The Times. [15]
- Print base news and online news
- Ones a tabloid and ones a broad sheet
- David Hesmondhalgh
- Trinity mirror - doesn't exist anymore did own daily mirror and mirror on sunday- rebranded to 'reach'
- Horizontal integration- allows newspaper manufactura to reach more audiences
- Distribution
- Production
- Circulation- print more newspapers, the number of copies printed- Mirror- 626,000- the times- 400,000
- The Daily mirror- tabloid- informal- quick and easy to read- working class- headlines are alot larger- costs 50p- left leading newspaper following the labour party
- The times- broad sheet- formal mode of address- middle class- uses jargon- makes the assumption that the audience knows what they are referring to- costs £1- right winged following the conservatives- owned by Rupert Murdock who is very right winged
- 71% of national newspaper circulation is controlled by 3 main companies
- conglomeration- when a newspaper company buys another
- Most UK newspapers are very right winged
- print newspaper circulation has decreased by 4% overall
- Technological change: Newspaper companies have gone online and circulation of print is decreasing constantly.
- Disadvantages of print based media: Inconveniences, generational changes, news becomes old fast
- Advantages of online: instant access, always up to date
- Advantages of print base media: allows you to have the experience of impulse buying employs a lot more people than online
- Disadvantages of online: less jobs are needed, people get made redundant when they no longer print the paper
- IPSO regulate newspapers
Component 2:
To what extent has sociohistorical context influenced representations in the magazines you have studied? Make reference to both Adbusters and Woman.
[30]
- question is asking for an opinion- a lot - both magazines have been heavily influenced by the time that they were written
- Woman magazine isnt modern in the representation of women. for example needing the men to do things for you- assumes she has a boyfriend of husband and that she is straight reinforces patriarcal hegemony
- Remember to plan:
- Stereotypes
- hegemony
- context of the time- woman- 1950's just after the war 2016- Donald Trump had just been elected
- cultivation theory
- objectification
- 'Red soles are always in season'
- Adbusters meaning are always fixed
- semiotics
- binary oppositions
- sexualised
- Adbusters make depreivated jokes- use dark satire comedy
- Need 3 examples
- Between 2/3 paragraphs not including intro and conclusion
- Male gaze- Van Zoonen
- Adbusters subverts the representation of women
intro:
- DAC
- Definiton- representation
- Argument- i am going to argue that sociohistorical has a massive effect in the way certain groups are presented
- Context- facts about the magazine eg genre, when it was started, when the edition came out
Theorists:
Media language:
Barthes- Semiotic codes- to demonstrate meanings , hermeneutic- mystery code, proairetic, symbolic
Levi- Strauss- Binary oppositions- narrative is constructed through two ideas being in conflict with one another
Representation:
Hall- representation theory- representation is a representation of a group in society through media codes- and stereotypes
Gauntlett- audience theory/identity- pick n mix theory- audience can pick n mix an ideology to suit them best
Van Zoonen- Feminist, Male gaze- women's bodies are used to sell media products to a heterosexual male audience
hooks- feminist, believes in equality, men and women - feminism is for everyone- and the ways in which men are represented have negative impact on men also
Gilroy- Post-colonialism- media products still follow colonial ideologies, and enforce racial hierarchies
Industry:
Sonia Livingstone and Peter Lunt- Regulation- global media corporations are changing the way things previously used to be regulated
Curran and Seaton- media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the profit and power- media concentration limits variety, creativity and quality - audience can be manipulated by certain individuals
David Hesmondhalgh- Media producers try in minimise risk and maximise audience through vertical and horizontal integration, by forming their cultural products
